The solid-state battery is considered to be the latest most promising development on the battery market for e-cars. But what is a solid-state battery anyway, what is the difference to conventional lithium-ion batteries and above all: Is it worthwhile?
What is a solid-state battery?
A solid-state battery, or solid-state battery, is a form of battery (a rechargeable battery) in which the electrodes and electrolyte consist of a solid material.
Solid-state battery vs. lithium-ion battery: The difference
In order for the electrons and free ions to move in the battery, they require a conducting medium, the so-called electrolyte. In lithium-ion batteries, this is liquid.
In the case of a solid battery, the substance should, in contrast, be solid. This is a special ceramic structure.
Advantages of solid-state batteries
Solid batteries have 5 major advantages over conventional lithium-ion based electric car batteries:
- up to 50% faster charging times
- up to 30% longer ranges due to increased storage capacity
- maximum fire protection, as the ceramic is not flammable
- more compact and lighter design, which also saves vehicle weight (efficiency)
- lower manufacturing costs
Solid-state battery: future of electric cars?
Solid-state batteries can therefore dispel many arguments against electric cars: Faster charging times and longer ranges promise to make e-cars even more suitable for everyday use in the future.
Some manufacturers are already focusing on the development of solid-state batteries as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Mercedes-Benz and Toyota are planning to sell electric cars with solid batteries from 2025. Volkswagen wants to start in 2026 and Nissan is not planning until 2028.
Tesla, on the other hand, is not (yet) planning to use solid-state batteries. The company is focused on developing an even more efficient battery with thick round cells. As usual, this should contain liquid electrolyte and achieve an energy density of 300 Wh per kilogram.
Many different battery variants will probably be used in the future. In addition to the requirements, the willingness of customers to pay also depends on which battery is installed.
Issues such as scarcity of materials and price fluctuations will also have their share in the spread of battery types. In addition to lithium-ion batteries made from a nickel-manganese-cobalt mixture, cheaper iron phosphate batteries are already in circulation. The even cheaper sodium batteries could also be added in the future. Some manufacturers are now already planning with solid-state batteries. One thing is certain: The race between technologies (and profitability) has only just begun.